Religious Beliefs and Contemporary Conflicts: A Comparative and Analytical Study of the Concepts of the “Final Battle” in Christian Zionism and Islamic Traditions

Abstract

This study presents a critical, comprehensive, and comparative analysis of the "Final Battle" concept within Christian Zionist theology and Islamic eschatological traditions. It aims to explore the theological foundations, scriptural derivations, hermeneutical variations, and contemporary socio-political implications of these end-time beliefs. In Christian Zionism, the doctrine of Armageddon rooted in dispensationalist interpretations of the Book of Revelation, Daniel, and Ezekiel is inextricably linked to the modern State of Israel, the reconstruction of the Third Temple, the Second Coming of Christ, and the literal fulfillment of biblical prophecy. This eschatological worldview profoundly influences contemporary evangelicalism and Western geopolitical discourse regarding the Middle East. Conversely, Islamic eschatology frames al-Malḥamah al-ʿUẓmā (The Great Battle) within a broader prophetic sequence involving the advent of al-Mahdī, the emergence of al-Dajjāl (the Antichrist), and the descent of Prophet ʿĪsā (Jesus). Unlike the politically driven Christian Zionist narrative, the Islamic tradition emphasizes moral accountability, spiritual resilience against tribulation (fitnah), and ultimate divine justice rather than promoting geopolitical agendas. Employing a qualitative, textual, and comparative methodology, this research evaluates primary scriptural sources alongside modern scholarly discourse. All citations and references are formatted in strict compliance with the Chicago Manual of Style (Footnotes format)